1. Originality. Standard undergraduate essays usually do not require substantial originality, but your dissertation represents your own academic position. The main bulk of the piece will be based on an exposition of your own ideas, generated from an investigation of original stated objectives.

2. Content. Not only should you express original ideas, but aim also to demonstrate your understanding of the place of your dissertation topic within its academic context. A good 2.1 mark requires a valid and relevant subject of study, with research objectives that are interesting and manageable.

3. Data collection. In some form or other you will gather data for analysis and interpretation. The nature of this data will vary considerably depending on your subject area and objectives. Clearly demonstrate the reasons behind your chosen data collection method.

4. Conceptual framework. Data makes little or no sense outside of an appropriate conceptual framework. Confidence in handling and interpreting ideas is a must for a 2.1 dissertation. Bear this in mind when writing your literature review chapter.

5. Structure and organisation. Your dissertation is likely the longest single piece of academic work you have yet attempted. A diligent approach to structuring and organising the material is absolutely necessary to maintain coherence.

6. Quality of expression. The fullest expression of your thoughts depends on a number of factors: sound command of the English language, solid understanding of specialist vocabulary, coherence of argumentation. A failure in any of these areas will jeopardise your 2.1 mark.

7. Literature. A novel piece of research carries little meaning outside of the subject’s existing literature. You are required to show a thorough engagement with the existing research literature in order to contextualise your findings. Cast your net widely and show your competence in researching through a number of avenues.

8. Critical analysis. It is not enough simply to provide evidence of the breadth of your wider reading; you must critically analyse the relevant material. Identify key issues, flag up notable controversies and judge the comparative significance of various parts of the literature with regard to your own research objectives.

9. Findings. You have already formulated a clear and concise topic or set of research questions, so ensure that these are addressed directly in your findings. Your answer must be relevant to your stated aims. Failure to match up your findings with your original objectives will signal a lack of focus and inadequate research.

10. Academic conventions. Broadly speaking, these conventions encompass all aspects of your dissertation which mark it out as a serious piece of academic work. Ensure that you do not undermine your credibility by failing to use proper referencing, formatting and presentational devices.

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