1. Mastery. As the name of the degree suggests, you should ideally demonstrate a mastery of your subject by confidently contextualising your arguments and making reference to trends, themes, theoretical paradigms and traditions within the discipline.

2. Delineate the scope of your paper. Positioning the issues you intend presently to discuss within the broader field of your subject area will demonstrate not only your understanding of the breadth of the academic landscape but your ability to focus on a particular part of it. It is not enough to analyse certain ideas, you must recognise their place in the whole.

3. Independence of thought. All parts of the essay must show more than a regurgitation of ideas and a proficiency in collating material. Discussion, analysis, evaluation and argument must all demonstrate your ability to interpret, understand and critique from a unique perspective. Challenge assumptions and explain the reasoning behind your contentions.

4. Conceptual thinking. Abstract reasoning and comfort with interpreting unfamiliar concepts is a necessary requirement of work at this level. Do not be tempted to critique the academic literature through vague and impressionistic approaches; demonstrate instead a genuine conceptual engagement.

5. Compelling conclusions. It is not enough that arguments and conclusions be plausible, try instead to make them properly convincing. Weigh evidence, analyse arguments and develop your own position. Having convinced yourself, it will be easier to convince the reader.

6. Substantial originality. At an undergraduate level evidence of genuine originality almost certainly ensures top marks. At Masters level, originality is more routinely expected. A key aspect to this, the most challenging element of academic work, is confidence in your intellectual acuity. Lay the foundations through mastery of the more prosaic elements, then develop the confidence to speak with a new voice.

7. Research skills. One of the biggest step-changes between undergraduate and Masters studies is the premium placed on research. Go beyond the reading lists provided by lecturers and directors of studies to demonstrate your initiative in finding your own sources. Live in libraries, use internet resources, become familiar with useful journals and, perhaps above all else, follow the footnotes!

8. Operate within the academic conventions. At this level of academia you should be fluent in your understanding of appropriate referencing, attribution of borrowed ideas and the proper approach to research. Much of this area can be solved through simple diligence, so don’t let minor errors erode the credibility of your essay.

9. The academic register. Spelling, punctuation and grammar are such basic considerations as to be taken for granted; the major linguistic concerns at this level are those of tone and style. An academic register is based in precision, formality, thorough understanding of subject-specific vocabulary, and an avoidance of familiarity and inappropriate use of the first person.

10. Immaculate presentation. Perhaps seemingly trivial, presentation should not be disregarded. Demonstrate scholarly professionalism through due care and attention to all aspects of your work.